GPT-5 System Card
GPT-5 是一个统一系统，包含一个智能且快速的模型，用于回答大多数问题；一个用于解决更复杂问题的深度推理模型；以及一个实时路由器，能够根据对话类型、复杂度、工具需求和明确意图（例如提示中说“认真思考这个”）快速决定使用哪个模型。该路由器持续基于真实信号进行训练，包括用户切换模型的情况、对回答的偏好率和准确性测量，随着时间推移不断改进。一旦达到使用限制，每个模型的迷你版本将处理剩余查询。未来，我们计划将这些能力整合到单一模型中。
在本系统说明中，我们将快速、高吞吐量的模型标记为 gpt-5-main 和 gpt-5-main-mini，将推理模型标记为 gpt-5-thinking 和 gpt-5-thinking-mini。在 API 中，我们提供对推理模型、其迷你版本以及更小更快的推理模型纳米版本（gpt-5-thinking-nano，专为开发者设计）的直接访问。在 ChatGPT 中，我们还通过一种利用并行测试时计算资源的设置提供对 gpt-5-thinking 的访问，称为 gpt-5-thinking-pro。
可以将 GPT-5 模型视为之前模型的继任者：
本系统说明主要聚焦于 gpt-5-thinking 和 gpt-5-main，其他模型的评估结果见附录。GPT-5 系统不仅在基准测试中优于之前的模型，回答问题更快，更重要的是在实际应用中更有用。我们在减少幻觉、提升指令遵循能力和降低谄媚行为方面取得了显著进展，并提升了 GPT-5 在 ChatGPT 三大常用场景——写作、编码和健康领域的表现。所有 GPT-5 模型均具备安全完成能力，这是我们最新的安全训练方法，用以防止生成不允许的内容。
与 ChatGPT 代理类似，我们决定将 gpt-5-thinking 视为生物和化学领域的高能力模型，纳入我们的准备框架（Preparedness Framework）[https://openai.com/index/updating-our-preparedness-framework/]，并启用相应的安全措施。虽然我们没有确凿证据表明该模型能显著帮助初学者制造严重生物危害——这是我们定义的高能力阈值[https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/18a02b5d-6b67-4cec-ab64-68cdfbddebcd/preparedness-framework-v2.pdf]——但我们选择采取预防性措施。
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GPT‑5 is a unified system with a smart and fast model that answers most questions, a deeper reasoning model for harder problems, and a real-time router that quickly decides which model to use based on conversation type, complexity, tool needs, and explicit intent (for example, if you say “think hard about this” in the prompt). The router is continuously trained on real signals, including when users switch models, preference rates for responses, and measured correctness, improving over time. Once usage limits are reached, a mini version of each model handles remaining queries. In the near future, we plan to integrate these capabilities into a single model.
In this system card, we label the fast, high-throughput models as gpt-5-main and gpt-5-main-mini, and the thinking models as gpt-5-thinking and gpt-5-thinking-mini. In the API, we provide direct access to the thinking model, its mini version, and an even smaller and faster nano version of the thinking model, made for developers (gpt-5-thinking-nano). In ChatGPT, we also provide access to gpt-5-thinking using a setting that makes use of parallel test time compute; we refer to this as gpt-5-thinking-pro.
It can be helpful to think of the GPT‑5 models as successors to previous models:
This system card focuses primarily on gpt-5-thinking and gpt-5-main, while evaluations for other models are available in the appendix. The GPT‑5 system not only outperforms previous models on benchmarks and answers questions more quickly, but—more importantly—is more useful for real-world queries. We’ve made significant advances in reducing hallucinations, improving instruction following, and minimizing sycophancy, and have leveled up GPT‑5’s performance in three of ChatGPT’s most common uses: writing, coding, and health. All of the GPT‑5 models additionally feature safe-completions, our latest approach to safety training to prevent disallowed content.
Similarly to ChatGPT agent, we have decided to treat gpt-5-thinking as High capability in the Biological and Chemical domain under our Preparedness Framework, activating the associated safeguards. While we do not have definitive evidence that this model could meaningfully help a novice to create severe biological harm—our defined threshold for High capability—we have chosen to take a precautionary approach.
via OpenAI News
GPT-5 是一个统一系统，包含一个智能且快速的模型，用于回答大多数问题；一个用于解决更复杂问题的深度推理模型；以及一个实时路由器，能够根据对话类型、复杂度、工具需求和明确意图（例如提示中说“认真思考这个”）快速决定使用哪个模型。该路由器持续基于真实信号进行训练，包括用户切换模型的情况、对回答的偏好率和准确性测量，随着时间推移不断改进。一旦达到使用限制，每个模型的迷你版本将处理剩余查询。未来，我们计划将这些能力整合到单一模型中。
在本系统说明中，我们将快速、高吞吐量的模型标记为 gpt-5-main 和 gpt-5-main-mini，将推理模型标记为 gpt-5-thinking 和 gpt-5-thinking-mini。在 API 中，我们提供对推理模型、其迷你版本以及更小更快的推理模型纳米版本（gpt-5-thinking-nano，专为开发者设计）的直接访问。在 ChatGPT 中，我们还通过一种利用并行测试时计算资源的设置提供对 gpt-5-thinking 的访问，称为 gpt-5-thinking-pro。
可以将 GPT-5 模型视为之前模型的继任者：
本系统说明主要聚焦于 gpt-5-thinking 和 gpt-5-main，其他模型的评估结果见附录。GPT-5 系统不仅在基准测试中优于之前的模型，回答问题更快，更重要的是在实际应用中更有用。我们在减少幻觉、提升指令遵循能力和降低谄媚行为方面取得了显著进展，并提升了 GPT-5 在 ChatGPT 三大常用场景——写作、编码和健康领域的表现。所有 GPT-5 模型均具备安全完成能力，这是我们最新的安全训练方法，用以防止生成不允许的内容。
与 ChatGPT 代理类似，我们决定将 gpt-5-thinking 视为生物和化学领域的高能力模型，纳入我们的准备框架（Preparedness Framework）[https://openai.com/index/updating-our-preparedness-framework/]，并启用相应的安全措施。虽然我们没有确凿证据表明该模型能显著帮助初学者制造严重生物危害——这是我们定义的高能力阈值[https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/18a02b5d-6b67-4cec-ab64-68cdfbddebcd/preparedness-framework-v2.pdf]——但我们选择采取预防性措施。
----------------------
GPT‑5 is a unified system with a smart and fast model that answers most questions, a deeper reasoning model for harder problems, and a real-time router that quickly decides which model to use based on conversation type, complexity, tool needs, and explicit intent (for example, if you say “think hard about this” in the prompt). The router is continuously trained on real signals, including when users switch models, preference rates for responses, and measured correctness, improving over time. Once usage limits are reached, a mini version of each model handles remaining queries. In the near future, we plan to integrate these capabilities into a single model.
In this system card, we label the fast, high-throughput models as gpt-5-main and gpt-5-main-mini, and the thinking models as gpt-5-thinking and gpt-5-thinking-mini. In the API, we provide direct access to the thinking model, its mini version, and an even smaller and faster nano version of the thinking model, made for developers (gpt-5-thinking-nano). In ChatGPT, we also provide access to gpt-5-thinking using a setting that makes use of parallel test time compute; we refer to this as gpt-5-thinking-pro.
It can be helpful to think of the GPT‑5 models as successors to previous models:
This system card focuses primarily on gpt-5-thinking and gpt-5-main, while evaluations for other models are available in the appendix. The GPT‑5 system not only outperforms previous models on benchmarks and answers questions more quickly, but—more importantly—is more useful for real-world queries. We’ve made significant advances in reducing hallucinations, improving instruction following, and minimizing sycophancy, and have leveled up GPT‑5’s performance in three of ChatGPT’s most common uses: writing, coding, and health. All of the GPT‑5 models additionally feature safe-completions, our latest approach to safety training to prevent disallowed content.
Similarly to ChatGPT agent, we have decided to treat gpt-5-thinking as High capability in the Biological and Chemical domain under our Preparedness Framework, activating the associated safeguards. While we do not have definitive evidence that this model could meaningfully help a novice to create severe biological harm—our defined threshold for High capability—we have chosen to take a precautionary approach.
via OpenAI News
